Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Moinuddin
Aligarh Muslim University, India
Keynote: Glycoxidative modification of proteins in diabetes results in generation of neo-antigenic epitopes
Biography:
Moinuddin has completed his MPhil and PhD in Biochemistry from the Faculty of Medicine of the Aligarh Muslim University, India. His research interest includes nucleic acid immunology, autoimmunity and free radical biology. He has published over 90 papers in reputed international journals, Seminars In Cancer Biology, FEBS Letters, ABB, BBRC, Rheumatology, PLoS One, IUBMB Life, etc. He is the recipient of Commonwealth Academic Fellowship to work in UK. He is a Life Member of Society for Free Radical Research (SFRR) and Indian Academy of Biomedical Sciences (IABS).
Abstract:
Structural rearrangements and condensations of proteins under glycoxidative stress have been implicated in various pathological disorders. Novel immunological epitopes upon glycoxidatively modifi ed proteins have been discovered and multi-specifi c natural antibodies against them have been identifi ed. In this study, we have probed the glycoxidation of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and human IgG in diabetes type-2. Glycoxidation was found to perturb the structural integrity of HSA and IgG. It aff ected their aromatic micro-environment and caused the generation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and aggregate adducts. Generation of N-epsilon-Carboxy Methyl Lysine (CML) was observed under HPLC and LCMS studies. Th e modifi ed proteins showed altered secondary and tertiary structure that would also aff ect their function. Glycoxidation caused disordered or amorphous type aggregation in the modifi ed proteins, as confi rmed by electron microscopy. It enhanced carbonyl content and reduced the free lysine and arginine content. Modifi ed HSA and IgG presented novel antigenic determinants that lead to an aggressive immune response in the immunized rabbits as was evaluated by ELISA studies. Th e antibodies had high affi nity towards the immunogens. Auto-antibodies derived from T2DM patients exhibited strong affi nity towards the modifi ed HSA and IgG in comparison to the respective unmodifi ed proteins. Specifi city of serum antibodies from T2DM patients was further confi rmed by competitive-inhibition ELISA and gel retardation assays. Th e study shows that the neo-antigenic determinants on glycoxidatively modifi ed proteins generate specifi c immune response in diabetes type-2, which may possibly lead to the biomarker development for the disease.
Biography:
Bulbin Jose is a Registered Dietitian and is currently pursuing her PhD in Food Science and Nutrition from Bharathiar University Coimbatore, India. She has completed her MPhil degree in Food Science and Nutrition from Mother Theresa Women’s University, Kodaikkanal India in 2008. She has pursued her Master Degree in Food Science and Nutrition from Bharathiar University in 2003 and Bachelor Degree in Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics from M.G University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. She has completed her Food Safety Certifi cation course from IGNOU, New Delhi India and she cleared UGC-NET Exam in 2010. She has 15 years working experience as a clinical dietitian and lecturer in various multi super specialty hospitals in various countries. Currently she is working as Senior Clinical Dietitian in Dubai Health Authority. She has published several research papers in scientifi c peer reviewed international journals and she is speaker for various conferences.
Abstract:
Bariatric surgery is the most eff ective treatment method to help people with morbid obesity to lose weight and manage their health and weight. Bariatric surgeries can be divided into three categories such as restrictive procedures, malabsorptive procedures and combination (restrictive and malabsorption) procedures. Generally, patients undergoing restrictive procedures have the least risk for long-term diet-related complications, whereas patients undergoing malabsorptive procedures have the highest risk. In many patients, the benefi ts of weight loss, such as decreased blood glucose, lipids and blood pressure and increased mobility, will outweigh the risks of surgical complications. Most diet-related surgical complications can be prevented by following a strict eating behavior guidelines and supplement prescriptions. Eating behavior guidelines include restricting portion sizes, chewing foods slowly and completely, eating and drinking separately and avoiding foods that are poorly tolerated. Supplement prescriptions vary among practitioners and usually involve at least a multivitamin with minerals. Some practitioners may add other supplements only as needed for diagnosed defi ciencies; others may prescribe additional prophylactic supplements. Th e most common nutrient defi ciencies are defi ciency of iron, foliate and vitamin B12. Fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K have been reported in patients with malabsorption procedures and Th iamine defi ciency is very common among patients with inadequate food intake and/or nausea and vomiting. Th e diet aft er bariatric surgery is diff erent from all other diets. So plan the menu based on the nutrient requirements and adhere to that to lead a healthy post bariatric surgery life. Frequent monitoring of nutrition status for all patients undergone bariatric surgeries can be helpful in preventing severe clinical defi ciencies.
Keynote Forum
Khurshid Alam
Aligarh Muslim University, India
Keynote: Diabetic animals injected with human IgG-methylglyoxalglucose complex elicit antibodies and shows increase in biochemical markers of rheumatoid arthritis: Correlation with data on diabetic patients of varying age and disease duration
Biography:
Khurshid Alam completed his PhD in 1993 from Aligarh Muslim University College of Medicine. He became Faculty in the same year and teaching to undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students since then. He has already supervised 10 PhD and 05 MD and successfully operated 06 research projects. He has published more than 80 papers in journals of international repute.
Abstract:
Background & Aim: Naturally occurring proteins are signifi cantly more immunogenic than oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Th e study of modifi ed-human IgG antigenicity is of particular interest due to the involvement of anti-IgG antibodies in the immunopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Human IgG show immunological behavior in its native conformation but glycation by ribose/deoxyribose/glucose/fructose/glyoxal/methylglyoxal etc. causes structural changes in the IgG and immunogenicity enhancement. In poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and in hyperglycaemia methylglyoxal formation is accelerated. In that scenario IgG being rich in lysine can be a soft target of heavy glycation by methylglyoxal/glucose duo. Th e glycation may progress to Amadori stage culminate into Advanced Glycation End products (AGE) and may further result in aggregate formation. Th e study aims to evaluate whether diabetic animals injected with IgG-methylglyoxal-glucose complex would elicit antibodies against the complex and also show increase in biochemical markers typical of RA. Th e sera of diabetes mellitus patients of diff erent age and disease duration will also be analyzed for auto antibodies against IgG-methylglyoxalglucose complex and markers of RA. Method: Experimental diabetes would be induced into rabbits by alloxan. Next, the diabetic rabbits will be injected weekly for seven weeks with IgG-methyglyoxal-glucose complex. Th e induction of antibodies and its specifi city would be evaluated by direct binding and specifi city enzyme immunoassay, respectively. Rheumatoid Factor (RF), TNF-α, IL-1 and 6 and CRP level will be estimated in the rabbit sera as well as in the sera diabetic patients of diff erent age and disease duration. Result: Diabetic animals challenged with IgG-methylglyoxal-glucose complex induced high titer antibodies having excellent specifi city towards the immunogens. Th e level of RF, TNF-α, IL-1 and 6 and CRP in immunogens injected diabetic sera was above respective cut-off values and signifi cantly more as compared to values in the sera of healthy or diabetic rabbits. Furthermore, auto antibodies in sera of diabetic patients showed enhanced binding with IgG-methylglyoxal-glucose complex. In a signifi cant number of cases, but not all that were included in this study, there was direct correlation between level of serum autoantibodies and age of the patients and duration of diabetes mellitus. Another important observation made during the study was that the sera which showed high level of autoantibodies also showed signifi cantly high level of RF, TNF-α, IL-1 and 6 and CRP. Conclusion: Th e results obtained so far suggests that IgG-methylglyoxal-glucose complex may have a role in the development of arthritis-like features in long term patients of diabetes mellitus. More biochemical parameters need to be analyzed in diabetic sera of immunized animals as well diabetes mellitus patients, including study of biochemical in joint fl uid of healthy and immunized rabbits.
Keynote Forum
Mohmmad Kamil
Zayed Complex for Herbal Research & Trad.Medicine, UAE
Keynote: Plants with special reference to flavanoids and their role in nutrition and obesity prevention
Biography:
Mohammad Kamil is a Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry London, Head TCAM Research, Zayed Complex for Herbal Research and Traditional Medicine, Healthcare Licensing and Medical Education Division, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE. He was the recipient of Common Wealth Award-London, Convention Award of Chemical Society-India; Fellowship from Association of Common Wealth Universities-London, Global award on Unani Medicine. He has worked as Incharge of Drug laboratory, MoH India, Professor Jamia Hamdard University. He has more than 360 papers and abstracts in reputed journals and conferences.
Abstract:
The plant kingdom off ers a rich source of structural biodiversity in the form of a variety of natural products. As we know natural products continue to play an important role especially in and food and pharmaceutical industries. Besides medicament, plants have always been a common source of food and nutrition either as such or as dietary supplements. Th e unique nutrient richness of every whole, natural food can be show cased in a variety of ways. But there is no better way to highlight the unique nutrient richness of foods than to focus on their fl avonoid content. Flavonoid, one of the largest nutrient families known to scientists, covers a large group of naturally occurring, low molecular phenolic compounds found practically in all parts of the plant, include over 6,000 already-identifi ed family members. A large number of novel fl avonoids and bifl avonoids have been isolated from medicinal plants. Some of the best-known fl avonoids include quercetin, kaempferol, catechins and anthocyanidins. Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease and a growing public health problem worldwide. In this talk the anti-obesity potential of diverse plants such as Aloe vera, Camellia sinensis, Hibiscus sabdariff a, Hypericum perforatum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, Rosmarinus offi cinalis, Citrus limon, Punica granatum and some other common plants will be discussed. Researchers consider the potential of these plants as natural alternative treatments of some metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Market dietary supplements for obesity frequently contain undeclared/ hidden active ingredients that could be harmful to public health, the laboratory experience on this intensional adulteration shows that Plants play a untrivial role in public Health which is free from Adulteration contamination when compared with modern medicines. Hence plants with special reference to fl avonoids helps and prevents us from mutation especially in obesity prevention.
- Advanced Treatments for Diabetes | Biochemistry & Metabolism | Obesity Health Effects | Nutrition and Health | Diabetes Nutrition | Control of Obesity
Location: Carlton palace Hotel, Dubai
Chair
Moinuddin
Aligarh Muslim University, India
Co-Chair
Dana Al-Hamwi
Dr. Dana Diet Center, UAE
Session Introduction
James Joseph
God's Own Food Solution Pvt Ltd., India
Title: New evidence to prove green jackfruit can reduce lifestyle diseases and demand for diabetic medication
Biography:
James Joseph has completed his Masters in Engineering Business Management from University of Warwick, UK and has a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram.
Abstract:
For 60 years since its founding, Kerala took pride as the number one state in the country on life expectancy, receiving praise from world renowned global health expert, professor Hans Rosling. Prof Rosling puts Kerala ahead of Washington DC on Human Health Index at a fraction of per capita income. However, lifestyle diseases like diabetes is now in the order of an epidemic in the state reducing the life expectancy of our adult population above the age group of 30. For the fi rst time Kerala lost out its number one position on life expectancy to Jammu and Kashmir due to an alarming drop in life expectancy aft er the age of 30 compared to J&K as per 2010-14 census data. Root cause of our problem with diabetes and lifestyle diseases is the rapid increase of starch in our diet over the past 60 years through rice, wheat, and tubers like cassava. Th rough years of policy interventions we were able to make starch more aff ordable but the over correction is now hurting our health than helping it. In order for Kerala to get back and retain our number one position in life expectancy, we have to cut back our starch consumption from half a plate to a quarter and increase consumption of our grossly underutilized green jackfruits. Th is talk will scientifi cally explain why one of Kerala’s oldest traditions of eating green jackfruit as a meal is the perfect plate for diabetes and lifestyle diseases. Th e results from the fi rst glycemic research conducted on green jackfruit at Sydney University, fi rst randomized control trial on green jackfruit meal showing reduction in HbA1c are as follows. 1. Increased awareness from declaring Jackfruit as the Statefruit in March 2018 and the one meal campaign increased consumption of green jackfruit meal during the season, April to June, with prices sky rocketing to Rs 20 ($ 0.3) per Kg for a fruit which was mostly wasted. 2. From April 2018 the record showed a decline in Anti-diabetes medicine sales in Kerala government pharmacies reaching a 25% drop in May and June compared to March. 3. Aft er the Jackfruit season got over in July, sales started steadily increasing every month and by October it returned back to March 2018 level. 4. A review of three year sales record also showed month to month and year to year decline of medicine sales during the jackfruit season in 2018, while there was a month to month and year to year increase in sales aft er the season. Conclusions: Th e results clearly shows there is a defi nite relation between increased consumption of green jackfruit meal as an alternate to rice and reduced demand for diabetes medicine in Kerala during jackfruit season. And a rapid increase in Diabetes medicine sales when people switched back to rice aft er the season. Th is further shows the results already seen from the randomized control study on 36 patients can be reproduced on a larger population state wide. We now have a) internal product data to establish nutritional and glycemic advantage for green jackfruit, b) external interventional study on patients showing HbAa1c reduction with jackfruit meal and c) empirical evidence on reduction in demand for diabetes medication during jackfruit season. While Kerala is struggling to fi nd a solution to contain its rapidly increasing health care costs and early deaths from life style diseases like type 2 diabetes, this study shows there is a signifi cant opportunity to conduct a multi-center clinical trial on green jackfruit meal as an alternate to rice and formulate policies to use its mostly wasted natural resource, green jackfruit as a medical nutrition therapy like the Mediterranean diet recommended by ADA.
Ajmila Islam
American University in Dubai, UAE
Title: Whole grains, fruits and vegetables: Do they help in weight management
Biography:
Ajmila Islam is currently working as an Assistant Professor of Natural Sciences at the American University in Dubai. She has also worked in the area of Microbiology and Molecular Biology. She has published research works in colorectal cancer and obesity.
Abstract:
Whole grains, which are less-processed forms such as whole wheat, brown rice and oats digested more slowly than refi ned grains. It is speculated that they have a greater eff ect on maintaining proper balance in blood sugar and insulin levels, which may help keep hunger level low and creates satiety. Th is is also true for most vegetables and fruits, which contain high fi ber. Th ese low glycemic index foods have tremendous benefi ts for disease prevention, as well as there is also evidence that they can help prevent weight gain. Th e evidence for weight control is much stronger for whole grains than it is for fruits and vegetables. Th e most recent Harvard School of Public Health diet and lifestyle change study supports that people who increased their intake of whole grains, whole fruits (not fruit juice) and vegetables over the period of 20 years gained less weight. Th is study supports the fact that when people increase their intake of these foods, they cut back on calories from other foods. Fiber is one of the components that may be responsible for off ering weight control benefi ts of these foods, since fi ber slows digestion and helps in controlling hunger. On the other hand, fruits and vegetables are high in water, which may help people feel fuller on fewer calories.
Tigist W Leulseged
St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia
Title: Time to optimal glycaemic control and prognostic factors among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in public teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Biography:
Tigist W. Leulseged is a medical doctor and public health specialist currently working as a lecture at Endocrinology unit under Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Her research interests are chronic illnesses particularly diabetes epidemiology including gestational diabetes, treatment, patient involvement in effective management and quality of services provided. She has experience in related research areas in both hospitals and teaching institutions.
Abstract:
Background: Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Poorly managed diabetes leads to serious complications and early death. Th e prevalence of diabetes has been increasing over the past few decades. Ethiopia is one of African countries with the highest number of people living with diabetes. Studies conducted in Ethiopia and other countries mainly focused on level of glycemic control at one point in time. Studies targeting the time that a patient stayed in a poor glycemic level are lacking. Objective: To estimate time to fi rst optimal glycemic control and to identify prognostic factors among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in public teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based retrospective chart review study was conducted from April to July 2018 at diabetes clinic of Addis Ababa’s public teaching hospitals among randomly selected sample of 685 charts of T2DM patients who were on follow up from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2017. Data was collected using pretested data abstraction tool. Data was checked, coded and entered to Epi-Info V.7.2.1.0 and exported to SPSS V.23.0 and STATA V.14.1 for analysis. Descriptive statistics is presented with frequency tables, Kaplan- Meier plots and median survival times. Association was done using Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard survival model, where hazard ratio, P-value and 95% CI for hazard ratio were used for testing signifi cance and interpretation of results. Results: Median time to fi rst optimal glycemic control among the study population was 9.5 months. Th e major factors that aff ect it are age group (HR=0.635, 95% CI: 0.486-0.831 for 50-59 years, HR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.403-0.771 for 60-69 years and HR=0.495, 95% CI: 0.310-0.790 for ≥70 years), diabetes neuropathy (HR=0.502, 95% CI: 0.375-0.672), more than one complication (HR=0.381, 95% CI: 0.177-0.816), hypertension (HR=0.611, 95% CI: 0.486-0.769), dyslipidemia (HR=0.609, 95% CI: 0.450-0.824), cardiovascular disease (HR=0.670, 95% CI: 0.458-0.979) and hospital patient treated at (HR=1.273, 95% CI: 1.052-1.541). Conclusion: Median time to fi rst optimal glycemic control among T2DM patients is longer than expected which might imply that patients are being exposed to more risk of complication and death.
Vani Pulijala
Astra Healthcare Private Limited, India
Title: Make tea as your new medicine to prevent the epidemic of lifestyle diseases
Biography:
Vani Pulijala is the Founder of Astra Healthcare Private Limited. She has 15 years of experience in the healthcare industry. She has completed her MBBS from Kakatiya Medical College Warangal and her Post-graduation MD in Biochemistry from Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad. She has completed Fellowship in Applied Nutrition and also a Certifi cate degree in Human Applied Nutrition from Cambridge, UK and is practicing as a Clinical Nutritionist. Her research interest studies is on the Indian spices on prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, teach the rural India about the importance of perfect and balanced nutrition to prevent malnutrition in rural and tribal areas of India.
Abstract:
Chronic diseases are a major burden, creating a global warning in today’s world. Our aim was to study the role and eff ectiveness of tea (Camellia sinensis) in preventing the burden of chronic diseases, like diabetes, hypertension, thyroid, cancer, PCOS, osteoarthritis, etc. Th ere are a many studies and publications, supporting the statement that tea has a potential eff ect in reducing the burden of chronic diseases. Only confusion that is bothering the public all around the world, is actually regarding the exact amount of intake of tea and the variants of tea which should be taken on a daily basis to attain all the hidden healthy benefi ts of the second most commonly consumed drink in the world, which is tea. Th is presentation was taken up to reveal the clear picture of such queries. Th ere was a positive correlation between the regular intake of minimum 4 cups of tea daily and reduction in the incidence of chronic diseases. Black tea, green tea, white tea, oolong tea are few of the variants of tea which has tremendous benefi ts in regulating the metabolism of our body, thus preventing the metabolic disease burden all around the world.