Human Metabolic Health- Diabetes, Obesity & Endocrinology

A lot of body fat is one of the complicated symptoms of obesity. Obesity is a medical issue that raises your risk of contracting further illnesses and health issues, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer. Obesity is typically brought on by a confluence of genetic, environmental, and personal eating and exercise choices. Dietary changes, increased physical activity, and behavioural modifications can all help with weight loss.

• Anti-obesity drugs
• Genetics and epigenetics of obesity
• Weight management
• Obesity & cancer
• Gynecology & obstetrics
• Liposuction and weight loss treatments
• Role of steroids and hormones in obesity

The dietary needs of healthy children between the ages of 2 and 11 are referred to as childhood nutrition. Infections linked to obesity and excess weight are also anticipated. Among other things, this entails consuming foods high in protein, avoiding processed foods, and substituting milk and water for caffeinated drinks. Childhood obesity is a condition in which an excessive amount of body fat negatively impacts a child's health or wellbeing. The diagnosis of obesity is frequently based on BMI due to the lack of accurate techniques for measuring body fat. The growing frequency of childhood obesity and its associated unfavourable health effects have been described as a serious public health concern.

• Childhood cancer
• Malnutrition
• Adolescent obesity
• Probiotics
• Healthy eating
• Childhood disease
• Heart disease

In the fight against diabetes and other chronic illnesses, preventing obesity is a primary priority. Some obesity experts believe it may be impossible to bring down the current levels of obesity. Unintentional or unexplained weight loss can be brought on by a number of things, such as diabetes, certain drugs, and depression.

• Addison’s disease
• Coeliac disease
• Chronic diarrhea
• Weight loss management
• Insulin medication

A clinical specialist known as paediatric endocrinology deals with conditions affecting the endocrine organs, including diabetes, adolescent sexual development, and physical development. The most common disease in the world, type 1 diabetes accounts for more than half of all routine clinical practise. Developmental problems are the second most important problem, especially those that can be treated with chemical development treatment.

• Physical growth
• Sexual development in childhood
• Diabetes mellitus
• Endocrine tumors

Metabolic health is defined as having ideal values for blood sugar, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference without the use of medicines. The chance of developing heart disease, diabetes, and stroke is directly influenced by these factors.

• Culinary medicine
• Metabolic disease
• Tissue biology
• Reverse diabetes
• Pediatric gerontology

A balanced diet gives the body the essential elements it needs. The requirements for a controlled eating pattern can be satisfied by a combination of plant- and animal-based nutrition. A healthy diet plan gives the body the nutrition and energy it needs without having any negative side effects or leading to excessive weight gain from eating more than the body needs. By maintaining a regular eating schedule and consuming nourishing foods, malignancies of all kinds, including obesity, heart disease, stroke, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes, can all be weakened.

• Low density lipoproteins
• Fat burning foods
• Atkins diet for obese people
• Consuming fresh fruits & vegetables
• Dietary approaches for weight loss
• Vitamins for weight loss
• Calorie counting
• Macronutrients and micronutrients

This complex, hereditary feature is influenced by interactions between genetics, metagenomics, epigenetics, and the environment. As a result of greater availability to the most advanced analytical techniques for genetic study, many genes controlling the phenotype have been discovered, particularly in early-onset severe harm. The role of epigenetic changes in modulating the impacts of the environment and perhaps presenting options for future intervention.

• Genetic syndromes
• Epigenetics
• Hereditary factors
• Type 2 diabaties
• Genetic mutations
• Global methylation and obesity
• Monogenic obesity
• Syndromic obesity

Type 1 diabetics are at risk for long-term repercussions since they must administer insulin injections every day for the rest of their lives in order to manage their condition. Immunotherapy may be an insulin-free alternative for managing, preventing, and perhaps even curing this chronic illness.

• Carbohydrate, fat and protein counting
• Taking insulin
• Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight

The female reproductive system is the focus of the medical specialties of obstetrics and gynaecology in several ways. Treatment of pregnant women, their unborn children, labour and delivery, and the postpartum period are all topics covered in obstetrics. To ensure that labour and delivery go easily and that, if intervention is necessary, it is carried out quickly and safely, the obstetrician makes sure that mother and child receive the best prenatal care possible.

• Past menopause
• Weight gain after pregnancy
• Pre-eclampsia
• Tubal ligation
• Hysterectomy
• Oophorectomy
• Salpingectomy
• Cone biopsy

It is a thorough investigation of the normal operation and abnormalities of the oesophagus, stomach, bile duct, liver, small intestine, pancreas, colon, rectum, and gallbladder. This requires a thorough understanding of the normal tasks performed by the digestive organs, including material transit via the stomach and intestine, nutrient absorption and digestion, elimination of waste products from the body, and the liver's function as a digestive organ. Nutritional issues, gallbladder, bile disease, hepatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, colon polyps, cancer, colitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and pancreatitis are all covered.

• Clinical gastroenterology
• Gastrointestinal cancer symptoms
• Causes and treatment
• Gastrointestinal malignancy
• Advances in gastrointestinal oncology
• Surgical, endoscopic, and future therapies
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Functional GI and motility disorders
• Bariatric surgery and liver transplantation,
• Gastrointestinal surgery

Diabetes causes a person's kidney function to decline, which is known as diabetic kidney disease. This suggests that your kidneys have not been able to remove waste and extra fluid from your body as they should have. Kidney disease is characterised by lack of sleep, an insufficient appetite, and weakness.

• Blood glucose
• High blood pressure
• Creatinine level

These are a group of diseases that affect people who have diabetes.

A group of eye conditions that might afflict diabetics are referred to as diabetic eye disease. Among the ailments include glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes can also damage your eyes, causing poor vision or even blindness. With adequate diabetes management, minor incidents can be handled. In extreme cases, laser therapy or surgery can be necessary. Diabetes has a condition called diabetic retinopathy, which harms the eyes. This disorder is brought on by damage to the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye. There used to be no symptoms or just very slight vision problems with diabetic retinopathy.

• Patchy vision
• Eye pain or redness

The two main types of diabetes brought on by these two processes are those that require insulin (type 1) and those that do not (type 2). In type 1 diabetes, there won't be any insulin or there won't be enough. In type 2 diabetes, insulin levels are normally adequate, but the cells on which it should act are typically not receptive. The following are a some of the issues.

• Gestational diabetes
• Prediabetes
• Type 2 diabetes
• Type 1 diabetes

Obesity has grown to be a significant national issue. The prevalence of obesity-related disorders such type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular issues has increased in tandem with the prevalence of obesity (CVD).

• Maladapted eating
• Exercise designs
• Maladaptive practices
• Explicit intercessions
• Weight reduction

The initial course of treatment is still metformin. It lowers the chance of hypoglycemia while lowering blood sugar levels. Diabetics should avoid whole fruits such berries, citrus, and apricots as well as other fruits and beverages. Apples lower inflammation and control blood pressure, which benefits your A1C and overall health.

• Metformin
• Glucophage XR
• Pioglitozone
• Rosiglitozone

The body's capacity to transform food into energy that powers cells and organs is one of several crucial physiological processes that the endocrine system assists in regulating. The endocrine system affects your heart rate, bone and tissue growth, and occasionally even your capacity for reproduction. No matter if you have diabetes, thyroid disease, developmental issues, sexual dysfunction, or any other hormone related ailments, it is crucial.

• Hormone-related disorders
• Diabetic surgeries
• Thyroid
• Various metabolic methods

Over the past 20 years, adult obesity has rapidly increased. Over 100 million adults worldwide, or one-third of all adults, are obese, according to health statistics.

• Probiotics for human health
• Transplantation for diabetic patients
• Drug treatments and devices
• Early diagnosis
• Use of nanotechnology

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome can include a diet high in unhealthy fats, calories, and carbohydrates as well as a lack of regular exercise. Overweight people tend to develop insulin resistance, which is a hormone that controls blood sugar levels by directing sugar into the body's cells, where it is used as fuel. When you have insulin resistance, blood sugar cannot be transported into your cells as effectively. One of the symptoms of type 2 diabetes is high blood sugar levels in the bloodstream as a result.

• Abdominal Obesity
• High Triglyceride Levels
• High Blood Pressure
• Cholesterol Levels
• Insulin Resistance
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Impaired Glucose Tolerance
• Impaired Fasting Glucose

The cornerstone of treatment and essential for maintaining weight loss over the long term are dietary and lifestyle changes. Unfortunately, because obesity is a chronic condition, there is no "quick fix" cure or method of therapy that works for everyone who is obese. A variety of approaches can be used to treat obesity. Every treatment strategy must entail a change in lifestyle.

• Losing weight
• Dietary lifestyle
• Regular excersises
• Lifestyle intervention
• Promote physical activity
• Behavioural therapy
• Balanced and healthy lifestyle